Tenses in Writing Sections

 By: TOEFL consultant

Marry is my new friend in Mathematics class. She is studying the Mathematics this semester. She is also taking Linguistics class. The mathematics class begins at 8:00 every day. Yesterday, she ate breakfast around 8:00. She already ate breakfast when she came for the class at 8:00.

Modifiers in Arranging A Good sentence

By: TOEFL consultant

 

Classifications of the modifier can take either subject positions or verb phrase positions.

Time modifier:

1.      Now

2.      Then

For example:

[Now] she * has * [VP been waiting the doctor for three hours] *.

Aspectual modifier:

Organization of An Essay in Writing

 By: TOEFL consultant

The organization of an essay asking for an opinion would present below.

I agree that sex education in junior and senior high schools is worthwhile.		Opinion
Three reasons convince me that teaching sex education will lead students to choose the right life.		Outline sentence

Infinitive: Knowing More

 By: TOEFL consultant

Infinitives define basic form of a verb without inflections and with or without “to.” Verbs followed by infinitives instead of gerund would be presented here. In general, the indication of the infinitive is that the action verb hasn’t started.

For example:

She offers to help us.

It means that she will help us later.

Discussing on Campus: Listening Exercises

In listening sections below, two students discuss about their courses on campus.

Man:

Wait up. I need to ask you about something.

Woman:

Oh, hi Jack.

Paraphrasing Practices in Writing Sections

  By: TOEFL consultant

Knowing 4 problems in paraphrasing can help you to make good structures.

1.      Using too many words like the original takes place.

2.      Leaving the great information happens.

Copula & Tenses: Do You Know Both the Differences?

 By: TOEFL consultant

COPULA

Copulas or copulas verbs known linking verbs connect the subject and it's complement. But, verbs indicate of an action. Moreover, the most common true copulas are presented here.

	Is	Is being	become	Seem
	Am	Am being
	Are	Are being

Irregular Verbs Involving Lots of Differences

 By: TOEFL consultant

 The tenses allow the differences in irregular verbs. Here, we present them containing the present (1), the past (2) and the participle (3) formed in differences.

	A	Arise	Arose	Arisen
		Awake	Awoke	Awoken

Irregular Tenses to Figure out Writing Easily

 By: TOEFL consultant

In general, to figure out irregular tenses, students face the difficulties. Here, we give the lists according to order of the sameness among the present (1), the past (2), and the participle (3).

1.      The present (1), past (2), and participle (3) are same.

	B	Beset	Beset	Beset
		Bet	Bet	Bet
		Bid	Bid	Bid
		Broadcast	Broadcast	Broadcast
		Burst	Burst	Burst

Paraphrase against Original in Writing

 By: TOEFL consultant

How to avoid plagiarizing? Here, some tips may help you.

1.      Synonyms

Unfamiliar words can be substituted by synonyms. Also, you have to make a different structure without ignoring the original meaning.

Each person must pay his/her dreams by efforts. (Original)

Every human must effort to reach his/her dreams. (Unacceptable paraphrase)

Gerund: Empowering Your Essay

 By: TOEFL consultant

A gerund formed by ending –ing regards as a noun. In general, it means verbal nouns, so it has tenses. The first is present tense indicating the same time as the main verb. For example, “Submitting to this job is not easy.” The second is perfect tense indicating time previously to the expressed time in main verbs. For example, “I appreciate having invested in deposit.”

The indication of the gerund truly shows that the verb has already started.

For example:

She regrets telling her secret.

Action Question Types in Listening Sections

In listening, the question type may ask about an action. Here, we give one example that you can try to understand what the type means

Man:

John's grades in math are incredibly low. Maybe he needs a tutor to get through the class.

Woman:

That could be true, but we should talk to him first.

Nouns Preceding And Following Prepositions in Writing

 By: TOEFL consultant

Lots of nouns must be followed by certain prepositions.

1.    FOR

A cheque, a demand, a need, and a reason

I paid her a cheque for 2 billion dollars.

Compound Verbs: Understanding Prepositions in Writing

 By: TOEFL consultant

Some prepositions follow verbs to make compound verbs having difference in meanings with single verbs regarding as the root word.

1.    IN

(In) something

Believe

I believe in you

Reference Questions in Listening The TOEFL

The reference derived from “to refer” asks about information which words or phrases refer to.

First question

Man:

What does Susan think about her new job?

I've hear it through the grapevine that she's dissatisfied.

Figuring out Adjectives Plus Prepositions in Writing

 By: TOEFL consultant

Some adjectives followed by prepositions have different meanings. But, these adjectives must precede the following proper prepositions.

1.    FROM

(From) someone/something

Different

This book is different from mine.

Philosophy of The Verb-Movement in Writing An Essay

 By: TOEFL consultant

An explanation of V-movement takes a surface structure moving verbs (V) out of verb phrases (VP) into a filled or empty finite infinitive (I) constituent. It also carries tenses containing present or past forms and agreement features consisting of both persons and numbers. Moreover, here, the filled finite form takes place. Thus, it regards as an affirmative transformation because it affirms the sentence, and thereby indicates an extra heavy stress.

For example:

Marry [I does] [VP [V study] English.

Marry [I does] [VP [V give] the English book to me.

           

Verb Movements: Figuring out Philosophies in Writing on The TOEFL iBT Test

 By: TOEFL consultant

Here, we explain in depth about writing an essay from philosophy views how the deep structure becomes the surface structure. The analysis taken from the paraphrase method of this text is applied.

Universities

There are three important reasons why universities are needed. First, universities encourage lectures and students to study scientific knowledge.

Philosophy of The Transformation in Writing An Essays

 By: TOEFL consultant

Transformations is a process to transform one constituent allowing a position in a sentence (S) into other target positions under the same principal sentence. 

            A transformational rule is one of the syntactic structures (Alwasilah, 1985:92). Moreover, it consists of some constituents. According to Jacobs and Rosenbaum (1968:15), constituents are groups of a structured string whose words fall into natural structures.

WH-Movements: Understanding Philosophies in Writing An Essay

 By: TOEFL consultant

Word question movements called WH-Movements originally come from a noun phrase position. The analysis taken from the paraphrase method of this text is applied.

Universities

There are three important reasons why universities are needed. First, universities encourage lectures and students to study scientific knowledge. Second, universities offer educated workers to companies and services.

How to Choose A good Topic Sentence?

 By: TOEFL consultant

 

It is not easy to decide which one of the words becomes a good topic because some topics may be too general or too specific. Here, we give you some examples involving general topics (GT), specific topics (ST), and very specific topics (VST).

Environment pollution (GT)

Land pollution (GT)

Poison sewage (ST)

Effects on human’s life (VST)

Practice Writing Coherence in An Essay

 By: TOEFL consultant

Here, the applying coherence consists of repeating key nouns, using pronouns, putting transition signals, and organizing structures in logical order. Read and analyze this essay below!

Universities

Universities, people study to get graduation degrees, play three point roles. First, university in where lectures teach develops much science to students.

Coherence: Leading to A Good Paragraph

 By: TOEFL consultant

Coherence in writing is one of the elements to make a good paragraph. It truly holds each sentence to be easy to understand and smooth instead of sudden jumps from one purpose to another without connecting by clearly logic. There are four approaches to bind between sentences.

Implication Type: Listening Practices in The TOEFL

In general, the implication question asks a suggestion that something is true or regards as a necessary result.

First question:

Woman:

The milk in the refrigerator is sour. I don't think it's drinkable.

Man:

No joke. The expiration date was three weeks ago.

Applied Synonyms

 By: TOEFL consultant

To make an essay better, applied synonyms, words with the same meaning as another, do have the different basic emotional connotation. For example, the adjective word “stingy” has the synonym with the adjective word "frugal.”

English Problems for Indonesian Students

The writing process in an essay truly covers four main steps: pre-writing, planning, writing and revising drafts, and writing the final essay. Here, the second step consisting of collecting sub-lists, deciding the topic sentence and its controlling idea, and make an outline. The following example gives you one outline.


Topic sentence:
Some Indonesian students still have communication barriers in English-spoken countries.


Supporting point:
Indonesian students don't practice speaking skills as a habit.

Topic Sentence Rules in A Good Single Paragraph

 By: TOEFL consultant

In general, a topic sentence contains two parts, namely a topic which is often called main ideas or subjects and controlling ideas involving some functions like specific comments, limitations to the topic, controls to the topic, and specific aspects to the topic. Moreover, some of the rules will be explained here:

1.A bad topic sentence usually involves such a general idea or such a specific idea.


Too general structures:
Indonesian food is good

Unity and Coherence in A Good Paragraph

 By: TOEFL consultant

There are two requirements to connect between the sentences in one paragraph. These, not surprisingly, are called unity and coherence.

            Unity shows that one paragraph must contain the only one main idea stated in the topic sentence due to the fact that the idea will be explained in every supporting sentence in the same paragraph.

        

Strategies in Listening The TOEFL

Listening comprehension in short conversations involves the general strategies. Here, you can apply these strategies.

1.      The direction

Listening comprehension sections on every TOEFL test always contain materials that are in the sameness. Thus, you are not necessary to listen it. In other words, you can ignore it.

Tactics in Listening The TOEFL

  By: TOEFL consultant

Listening comprehension on the TOEFL test consists of some tactics. Here, you can practice these tactics below.

• The question in short conversations is usually taken from the second line. As a consequence, you must figure out the information that the speaker means.
• These questions in listening comprehension usually ask material types from easy to difficult.